Finally, in Section 4, the techniques developed earlier are used to solve a variety of two–dimensional projectile problems, and their extension to three–dimensional problems involving arbitrary uniform acceleration is briefly mentioned. The equations that emerge from this investigation are used to deduce a number of general features of projectile motion, including the shape of the projectile’s trajectory and the condition for achieving the maximum horizontal range. Section 3 investigates the equations that describe the motion of a projectile, stressing the fact that the horizontal and vertical motions of a projectile are essentially independent, apart from having the same duration. In particular, Section 2 explains how vectors can be used to describe quantities such as the position, displacement, velocity and acceleration of a projectile, and how vectors of a similar type can be added together and algebraically manipulated. In doing so it also provides an introduction to the general analysis of two–dimensional motion in terms of vectors and their ( scalar) components. This module explains how questions such as these can be answered. How do the velocity and acceleration of the projectile vary during its flight? How long does the flight take, and what is the shape of the flight path? What is the horizontal range of the projectile and what is the maximum height that it attains? The motion is therefore two–dimensional and the following questions can be asked: To a good approximation (ignoring any sideways swerve) many projectiles can be modelled as particles moving along curved paths in a vertical plane. Examples include artillery shells, shot putts, high jumpers and balls in games such as tennis, football and cricket.
Any object that is launched into unpowered flight close to the Earth’s surface is called a projectile.
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